Author Guidelines

Referencing style

Citations in Text

Basic form for citations in the text include the last name of the author(s) and year of publication. Include page number when you quote directly from the work or refer to specific passages.
If author's name is in the text, follow it with the publication year in parentheses:
When Goffman (1977) studied...

If the author's name is not in the text, enclose the last name and year in parentheses:

...when the study was completed (Goffman 1994)
…with an intensity and a frequency until recently unimaginable (Appadurai 2012, 2014)
…with an intensity and a frequency until recently unimaginable (Appadurai 2012a, 2012b)

If the page number is to be included, it follows the year of publication after a comma:

Goody (1966, 16)...
«the spiritual lung of the world», as it was at the dawn of humanity (Sarr 2018, 141)

For two authors

… the right to publicly exert his religious freedom (Baubérot and Milot 2011)

For three authors, give all last names in the first citation in the text; afterwards use the first name and et al.; for more than three names, use the first author's last name plus et al.:

(Smith, Garcia and Lee 1954); (Snow et al. 1989)
…also known as “the lost territories of the Republic” (Bensoussan et al. 2017)

Quotations in the text must begin and end with quotation marks; the citation follows the end quote mark and precedes the period:

"In 1999, however, the data were reported by more specific job types which showed that technologically oriented jobs paid better" (Hildenbrand 1999:47).

Footnote & Endnotes

Try to avoid footnotes, but if necessary, use footnotes or to add information presented in a table. NO referencing in the footnote unless to cite material of limited availability.
Footnotes should be numbered consecutively throughout the essay with superscript Arabic numerals and included at the bottom of the paper or in a separate section headed "Endnotes."

Reference List (Bibliography)

References follow the text and footnotes in a separate section headed "References."
All references cited in the text must be listed and vice-versa.
List references in alphabetical order by author's last names.
Invert the authors' name; if there are two or more authors, invert only the first author's name.
Arrange multiple items by the same author in order by year of publication, earliest year first.
Distinguish works by the same author in the same year by adding letters (e.g. 1993a, 1993b, 1993c).
Use italics for book and periodical titles (underline if italics are not available).
If no date is available use "N.d." in place of the date.
Include both city and state for place of publication.

Examples of References

Books

Basic form for a book entry is:

Author's last name, followed by a comma and the first name and middle initial, ending with a period.

Year of publication followed by a period.

Title of book italicized ending with a period.

Place of publication, followed by a colon and name of publisher ending with a period.

One Author:

Chollet, Mona. 2012. Beauté Fatale: Les Nouveaux Visages d’une Aliénation Féminine. Paris: Zones.

Two Authors

Hajjat, Abdellali, and Marwan Mohammed. 2013. Islamophobie: Comment Les Élites Françaises Fabriquent Le Problème Musulman. Paris: La Découverte.

Chapter in Book

Nathan, Peter E. and Raymond S. Niaura. "Prevention of Alcohol Problems." Pp. 333-354 in Treatment and Prevention of Alcohol Problems: A Resource Manual, edited by W.M. Cox, 175-88. Orlando, FL: Academic Press, 2001.

No Author

Manual of Style. 1993. 14th ed. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
List books with no author alphabetically by the first significant word in the title.

Journal Articles in PrintBasic form for a journal article is:

Author's last name, followed by a comma and the first name and middle initial ending with a period.
Year of publication followed by a period.
Title of article in quotations and ending with a period inside the closing quotation mark.
Name of journal in italics
Volume number followed by colon, page number(s) and period. Use the issue number following the volume number in parenthesis or exact date for journal article prior to the volume number for journals that do not number pages consecutively within a volume.

One Author (Journal Articles)

Garcia, Alma M. 1998. "An Intellectual Odyssey: Chicana/Chicano Studies Moving into the Twenty-first Century." Journal of American Ethnic History 18:109.
Rigouste, Mathieu. 2004. “Le langage des médias sur ‘les cités’ : représenter l’espace, légitimer le contrôle.” Hommes et Migrations 1252 (1): 74-81.

Two or More Authors (Journal Articles)

Exum, William H., Robert J. Menges, Bari Watkins, and Patricia Berglund. 1984. "Making it at the top: Women and minority faculty in the academic labor market." American Behavioral Scientist 27: 301-324.

Newspaper & Magazine Articles in Print

Basic form for a newspaper or magazine entry is:
Author's last name, followed by a comma and the first name and middle initial, ending with a period.
Year of publication followed by a period.
Title of article in quotations and ending with a period inside the closing quotation mark.
Name of newspaper/magazine in italics
Date of publication followed by a comma
Page number of article within the publication ending with a period.

Magazine

Jana, Reena. 2000. "Preventing culture clashes - As the IT workforce grows more diverse, managers must improve awareness without creating inconsistency." InfoWorld, April 24, pp. 95.

Newspaper

Rimland, Bernard. 2000. "Do children's shots invite autism?" Los Angeles Times, April 26, A13.

Articles Retrieved in Electronic Format

From Commercial Databases

Graham, Lorie M. 1998. "The Past Never Vanishes: A Contextual Critique of the Existing Indian Family Doctrine." American Indian Law Review, 23:1. Retrieved May 25, 1999 Available: LEXIS-NEXIS Academic Universe, Law Reviews.

Web Version of Newspapers

Clary, Mike. 2000. "Vieques Protesters Removed Without Incident." Los Angeles Times, May 5. Retrieved May 5, 2000 (http://www.latimes.com/news/nation/updates/lat_vieques000505.htm).

Web based journals

Smith, Herman W. and Takako Nomi. 2000. "Is Amae the Key to Understanding Japanese Culture?." Electronic Journal of Sociology 5:1. Retrieved May 5, 2000 (http://www.sociology.org/content/vol005.001/smith-nomi.html).

Information posted on a web page

American Sociological Association. 2000. "Scholarship of Teaching and Learning Workshop." Washington, DC: American Sociological Association, Retrieved May 5, 2000 (http://www.asanet.org/members/socwkshp.html)

Other

Government Documents

Since the nature of public documents is so varied, the form of entry for documents cannot be standardized. The essential rule is to provide sufficient information so that the reader can locate the reference easily. For example see the following:

United States. Dept. of Housing and Urban Development. 1999. Rehab a home with HUD's 203(k) : HUD and FHA are on your side. Washington, DC: U.S. Dept. of Housing and Urban Development.

Proceedings of meetings and symposiums, conference papers

Boardman, Margot. “Learning Communities Contribution to Educational Improvement: Joint Participation for Mutual Gain in Early Childhood Education.” Paper presented at the International Education Research Conference AARE/NZARE, Auckland, New Zealand, November 30 – December 3, 2003. http://aare.edu.au/03pap/boa03496.pdf.

Video (from the Internet)

SouthLanarkshireTV. “In Focus: Forest Kindergarten.” YouTube video, 5:42. August 13, 2010. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v =g8WWrRzf7ZU&list=TLEXvO6QPFaLk.

Audio (from the Internet)

“Allegro Molto Appassionato,” Violin Concerto in E minor, Op. 64. Performed by Franziska Früh (violin) with the Fulda Symphony Orchestra, Grosser Saal der Orangerie Fulda, March 18, 2001, 13 min., 27 sec. https:// commons .wikimedia.org /wiki/File: Felix_Mendelssohn__Violinkonzert_e-moll _1._Allegro_molto_appassionato.ogg.

Thesis

Fayadh, Khalad Hamad. “The legal regulation of assisted reproductive technology in Iraq: Lessons from the Australian approach.” PhD thesis, Western Sydney University, 2015. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/uws:32383.

Unpublished works or documents (archived manuscripts or letters)

Note: Archived unpublished works such as manuscripts and letters are often stored in microform or in online databases. Add the format type and URL to the reference as required. Private documents are detailed only in the note if the sources are not retrievable as with personal communication.

Matthews, Race. Letter and photographs from the Hon Race Mathews, MLA to Hon. E.G. Whitlam AC, QC, September 1, 1985. Accessed October 21, 2009. http://cem.uws.edu.au/R/YHLSR23PA4CH-00346?func=results-jump-full&set_entry=000005.